How to Use This Tax Calculator
Enter your gross annual income, select your filing status (single, married, or head of household), and choose standard or itemized deductions. The calculator instantly estimates your federal tax, effective rate, marginal rate, and after-tax income. Adjust values to see how different deductions affect your tax bill.
How US Federal Income Tax Works
The US uses a progressive tax system — you only pay the higher rate on income above each bracket threshold, not on all income. Being in the 22% bracket does not mean you pay 22% on everything.
According to the IRS, the US federal tax system requires taxpayers to report their annual income and pay taxes based on progressive brackets.
Taxable Income = Gross Income - Deductions
Tax = Sum of (income in each bracket x bracket rate)
2024 Brackets (Single Filer)
| Taxable Income | Rate |
|---|---|
| $0 - $11,600 | 10% |
| $11,601 - $47,150 | 12% |
| $47,151 - $100,525 | 22% |
| $100,526 - $191,950 | 24% |
| $191,951+ | 32-37% |
Frequently Asked Questions
Marginal rate is tax on your last dollar — your highest bracket. Effective rate is total tax / total income — your average. Use marginal rate for decisions like whether a deduction is worth it.
Take whichever is larger. In 2024, standard deduction is $14,600 (single) or $29,200 (married). Itemize if mortgage interest + state taxes + charitable donations exceed the standard. About 90% of taxpayers use the standard deduction.